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How are confirmed exoplanets distributed in planet radius and orbital period,...

How this study was produced: every step of the run with the file it wrote, and everything the run used, pinned to the exact version. The address of this page is derived from its content: if anything below changed, the address would change.

DossierDemonstrationVersion 1 of the studyOpen the study
Dossiersha256:4968c2075e30009dbf1a3868b94ee6aa05ac6aca888293ae5c88473a5b18bfb9
Dossier as JSON

Paper, data and code of the study

  • Paper
    Not public.

  • Data
    Not public.

  • Code
    Not public.

Run settings

e2er
version 0.16.0 · code at
Template
descriptive-study · iterative
Governance
full
AI backend
claude_code
Models
claude_code/sonnet
Exported
20261015
Sessions
5 sessions · listed with the workflow
Outcome
Completed · 2026-10-13 20:56 UTCe2er's internal quality review: 5.9 of 10
e2er code
no local changes at run time

Input data

SHA-256 of the data files, as recorded in the study's provenance.

4 data files with their hash values
  • ·data/data.db 06f493141df7
  • ·data/data_dictionary.json 2dde9e4ef51a
  • ·data/data_sources.json cb87d08e4968
  • ·data/data_summary.md bcafeb0cfce3

Data used

NASA Exoplanet Archive (NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC/Caltech): Planetary Systems tables · 1 load · read 2026-10-13 · Free and keyless

e2er's connector for it · about this data source

confirmed exoplanets, NASA Exoplanet Archive Planetary Systems Composite Table (pscomppars) · read 2026-10-13 · table planets https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/TAP/sync?REQUEST=doQuery&LANG=ADQL&FORMAT=csv&QUERY=select+pl_name%2C+hostname%2C+discoverymethod%2C+disc_year%2C+pl_orbper%2C+pl_orbperlim%2C+pl_orbper_reflink%2C+pl_rade%2C+pl_radelim%2C+pl_rade_reflink%2C+pl_radj%2C+pl_bmasse%2C+pl_bmassj%2C+pl_bmassprov%2C+pl_bmasse_reflink%2C+tran_flag%2C+rv_flag%2C+sy_snum%2C+sy_pnum%2C+st_teff%2C+sy_dist+from+pscomppars+order+by+pl_name&MAXREC=100001 2d66daacb340

Terms Free and keyless. NASA asks for its standard acknowledgement and a citation of the archive paper (Christiansen et al. 2025) and the table's DOI, plus the literature reference of any value used. The archive states no licence. Full terms

Cite Christiansen, J. L., McElroy, D. L., Harbut, M., et al. (2025). The NASA Exoplanet Archive and Exoplanet Follow-up Observing Program: Data, Tools, and Usage. The Planetary Science Journal, 6(8), 186. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ade3c2. Data: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (2020), Planetary Systems Composite Table, IPAC, https://doi.org/10.26133/NEA13, or Planetary Systems Table, https://doi.org/10.26133/NEA12. Acknowledgement: This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.

References (9)

The works the paper cites, as the dossier records them: 0 from the authors' papers, 6 found on the web by the literature search, 3 method sources from the template.

A method source is a work the template credits for a method it uses. e2er adds it to the study's bibliography; the paper cites the ones its study used.

9 references· 0 from the authors' papers, 6 found on the web, 3 method sources from the template
  1. The NASA Exoplanet Archive and Exoplanet Follow-up Observing Program: Data, Tools, and Usage (2025) found on the web · doi:10.3847/PSJ/ade3c2
  2. Exoplanet Demographics: Physical and Orbital Properties (2024) found on the web · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2409.13062
  3. Revised Radii of Kepler Stars and Planets Using Gaia Data Release 2 (2018) found on the web · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aada83
  4. Planetary Systems Composite Table (2020) found on the web · doi:10.26133/NEA13
  5. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (3rd edition) (2019) method source · doi:10.1002/9781119482260
  6. Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages (1996) method source · doi:10.1080/00031305.1996.10473566
  7. The Proof and Measurement of Association between Two Things (1904) method source · doi:10.2307/1412159
  8. THE POPULATION OF LONG-PERIOD TRANSITING EXOPLANETS (2016) found on the web · doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/206
  9. The Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey: Giant Planet and Brown Dwarf Demographics from 10 to 100 au (2019) found on the web · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab16e9

e2er's internal quality review

Six reviewer specialists each score the draft from one angle, on a scale of 0 to 10. The score in the middle is the weighted average of these scores, with the weights in the table.

data 6.5 literature 4.6 methods 6.0 plausibility 6.0 writing 6.0 5.9 of 10

5.9 of 10

Each reviewer's score and weight
ReviewerScoreWeight
data6.51.25
literature4.60.75
methods6.01.5
plausibility6.01.25
writing6.00.75

Rounds of improvement (1)

The run worked on its draft in rounds. After each round a ceiling check decided whether another round would help, whether the study needed a change of approach, or whether it was ready for review. The steps of each round are marked with the round in the workflow below.

  1. Round 1 · Literature review, Data plan, Data and descriptive analysis, Estimation, Data and descriptive analysis, Paper draft, Abstract

    Descriptive template. The architect and analyst run first for the data_quality check, then the econometrics specialist, then the analyst's figure_data check, then the drafting pass. No identification or theory specialists are needed. The literature scanner registers the unresolved citations.

    Decision after round 1ready for reviewThe draft already has a complete structure with abstract, introduction, three quantified findings tied to estimation_results.json source comments, and clear scope limits. This is a descriptive study with no causal claim, so there is little left to add through further design work. The remaining gaps are prose polish and numeric verification, and the review and polish phases handle both. Another iteration would add little.

Workflow (42 steps)

The run in order, from the run's own record. The run was carried out in 5 sessions. How to read it

A session is one e2er process, from a start or a resume to the next stop, and each session names the e2er version and commit its steps ran on. Each specialist step shows the model, the file it wrote and the file's hash value (SHA-256). Where the run did not record the hash value, the step says so: the last step that wrote a file shows the hash value of the file at export, and earlier steps that wrote the same file are marked as superseded. Checks that stopped a step are listed where they happened: 2 here. Steps taken by the researcher (5 here) are marked with a grey dot. Stops, pauses and failures of the run are marked with a ring, at their time.

Session 1 of 5 2026-10-13 20:19–20:26 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 4 steps · idea developer, literature scanner, data architect · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design)
  1. Run: backend identity · 20:19
  2. Run: method sources · 20:19
  3. Initial
  4. idea developer · sonnet · 20:19–20:21 design/paper_plan.md 4078504f8b03
  5. literature scanner · sonnet · 20:19–20:21 design/literature_review.md cf76d6c056d3
  6. data architect · sonnet · 20:21–20:22 data/data_dictionary.json cf6a5a3a49a7
  7. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design) · 20:22
  8. Researcher sent back data architect · 20:26 Two corrections from the researcher. (1) The NASA Exoplanet Archive column is tran_flag, not tr_flag; tr_flag does not exist in pscomppars or ps, so the declared loads would fail. Use tran_flag in both tables. (2) Radius provenance: the archive itself labels radii it calculated from mass. In pscomppars, pl_rade_reflink contains refstr=CALCULATED_VALUE (link text 'Calculated Value', documented at https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/docs/pscp_calc.html, mass-radius relation of Chen and Kipping 2017) for these radii. A probe on 2026-10-13 found 1,537 such rows, all with tran_flag = 0, out of 1,634 planets with tran_flag = 0. Make the primary rule: calculated = pl_rade_reflink contains CALCULATED_VALUE; measured otherwise. Cross-tabulate it against tran_flag and discoverymethod, and report the non-transiting planets whose radius is not marked calculated (about 97: imaging, timing and other methods) as their own group, not as measured-from-transit. Load pl_radelim and pl_orbperlim as well. Drop the reference-by-reference hand coding and the 50-planet manual validation: they cannot be done or checked in this run. Keep the ps default-solution table only if it can be classified with the same rule; otherwise leave it out and say so.
Session 2 of 5 2026-10-13 20:26–20:33 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 3 steps · data architect · 2 researcher actions · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design)
  1. Run: backend identity · 20:26
  2. Initial
  3. data architect · sonnet · 20:26–20:26 Run again after the researcher sent it back data/data_dictionary.json 3cc1e7872f4e
  4. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design) · 20:26
  5. Researcher gave an instruction for review design · 20:33 Researcher decisions at the design review: the radius-provenance rule in data_dictionary.json (the archive's CALCULATED_VALUE label in pl_rade_reflink; groups calculated, measured_transiting, measured_non_transiting, no_radius) replaces Section 4 of paper_plan.md. There is no reference-level hand coding, no 50-planet manual validation and no ps default-solution robustness table. pl_controv_flag is not loaded, so controversial planets are not excluded; say so in the sample description. Main comparison: calculated versus measured_transiting; report measured_non_transiting separately and never describe it as measured from a transit. Keep the paper short: the main tables, figures 1 to 4 and the mass-radius diagnostic for the calculated group.
  6. Researcher approved review design · 20:33
Session 3 of 5 2026-10-13 20:33–20:48 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 21 steps · data analyst, econometrics specialist, abstract writer and 3 more · 1 researcher action · 2 checks failed · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Run: backend identity · 20:33
Initial 11 steps · data analyst, econometrics specialist, abstract writer and 1 more · 20:33–20:42 · 2 checks failed
  1. data analyst · sonnet · 20:33–20:35 data/data_summary.md 8ad3e17567ddresults/summary_statistics.json 7096ec02f24fresults/figure_spec.json fb10ae475010
  2. Check: data quality failed, step stopped
    What the check foundtable planets: column(s) pl_orbper_reflink (353 of 6445, 5%) miss more than 5% of their values; say in data_dictionary.json why and how the analysis treats them ("missing": "..."); planets.pl_orbper: 5% missing (a few planets (mostly imaged or microlensing) have no period; period statistics use rows with a value, share reported); planets.pl_orbperlim: 5% missing (empty where the archive gives no flag; treated as 0 only after the count of empty cells is reported)
  3. data analyst · sonnet · 20:35–20:36 data/data_summary.md 9b08e3ef5cbfresults/summary_statistics.json 7096ec02f24f (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json fb10ae475010 (unchanged by this step)
  4. Check: data quality passed
  5. data analyst · sonnet · 20:36–20:36 data/data_summary.md df666dc72955results/summary_statistics.json 7096ec02f24f (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json fb10ae475010 (unchanged by this step)
  6. econometrics specialist · sonnet · 20:36–20:38 design/econometric_spec.md 28afb2d2b5b4results/estimation_results.json 9dd8881c7709
  7. Check: figure data passed
  8. abstract writer · sonnet · 20:38–20:39 paper/abstract.tex e265a3e6a099
  9. Check: contracts failed, step stopped
    What the check foundpaper_draft.tex: 2 construction(s) the researcher does not accept in a paper: "Against this background" in: Against this background, this paper asks how confirmed exoplanets are distributed in planet radius and orbital period, and how that distribution changes when radii measured from transits are separated from radii calculated from planet mass. (pivot to the contribution directly (for instance: To keep these quantities apart, we propose ...)); "rather than" in: Third, the radius-period association is weak among transit-measured planets and clearly positive among planets with calculated radii, so the pooled association is a mixture of two provenances rather than a property of either. (state the positive claim and stop). Rewrite each of these sentences without the construction; keep its content
  10. paper drafter · sonnet · 20:38–20:42 paper/paper.tex 88ac742f33baresults/table_spec.json 8ff1d15be019
  11. paper drafter · sonnet · 20:42–20:42 paper/paper.tex e7dfd7df8787results/table_spec.json 8ff1d15be019 (unchanged by this step)
Iterative 7 steps · data architect, literature scanner, data analyst and 3 more · 20:42–20:47
  1. data architect · sonnet · 20:42–20:43 Round 1 data/data_dictionary.json 2dde9e4ef51a
  2. literature scanner · sonnet · 20:42–20:44 Round 1 design/literature_review.md 6dea2f51e2d7
  3. data analyst · sonnet · 20:44–20:44 Round 1 data/data_summary.md df666dc72955 (unchanged by this step)results/summary_statistics.json 7096ec02f24f (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json fb10ae475010 (unchanged by this step)
  4. data analyst · sonnet · 20:44–20:45 Round 1 data/data_summary.md bcafeb0cfce3results/summary_statistics.json 7096ec02f24f (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json a6c256751dd4
  5. econometrics specialist · sonnet · 20:45–20:46 Round 1 design/econometric_spec.md 28afb2d2b5b4 (unchanged by this step)results/estimation_results.json 9dd8881c7709 (unchanged by this step)
  6. abstract writer · sonnet · 20:46–20:46 Round 1 paper/abstract.tex 791b69545b82
  7. paper drafter · sonnet · 20:46–20:47 Round 1 paper/paper.tex dc454206eb02results/table_spec.json 8ff1d15be019 (unchanged by this step)
Estimation gate 1 step · 20:47
  1. Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 2 steps · 20:47–20:48 · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Check: figure data passed
  2. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 20:47
  3. Researcher sent back paper drafter · 20:48 One substantive error in the conclusion. It says the pattern of two radius humps 'belongs mostly to the 80 percent of the sample with transit-measured radii'. That holds for the hump at 2 to 4 Earth radii (1,901 of 2,090) but not for the hump at 8 to 15 Earth radii: 846 of its 1,529 planets have calculated radii, more than half. So the giant-planet hump of the pooled diagram is largely made of radii the archive calculated from mass. State this in the results (where the two humps are described), in the abstract and in the conclusion, using the counts already in the results (846 of 1,529; 1,901 of 2,090). Do not add any other claims. Keep everything else as it is.
Session 4 of 5 2026-10-13 20:48–20:50 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 3 steps · paper drafter · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Figure gate
  2. Check: figure data passed
  3. Run: backend identity · 20:48
  4. paper drafter · sonnet · 20:48–20:48 Run again after the researcher sent it back paper/paper.tex 93eec512dbb5results/table_spec.json 8ff1d15be019 (unchanged by this step)
  5. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 20:48
  6. Researcher approved review draft · 20:50
Session 5 of 5 2026-10-13 20:50–20:56 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 11 steps · literature reviewer, data reviewer, methods reviewer and 4 more · Run: revision not applied
Estimation gate 1 step · 20:50
  1. Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 1 step · 20:50–20:51 · Self-critique
  1. Check: figure data passed
  2. Run: backend identity · 20:50
  3. Self-critique · 20:51 0 findings, 0 serious
Review 7 steps · literature reviewer, data reviewer, methods reviewer and 2 more · 20:51–20:55
  1. Check: numbers passed
  2. Check: citations passed
  3. literature reviewer · sonnet · 20:51–20:51 reviews/review_literature.md 7811af32c404
  4. data reviewer · sonnet · 20:51–20:53 reviews/review_data.md 17d9eb8eddcc
  5. methods reviewer · sonnet · 20:51–20:53 reviews/review_methods.md 28165286d5b8
  6. writing reviewer · sonnet · 20:51–20:54 reviews/review_writing.md 201e58e5a469
  7. plausibility reviewer · sonnet · 20:53–20:55 reviews/review_plausibility.md 0c16a305d6f8
Revision 1 step · patch revisor · 20:55–20:55 · Run: revision not applied
  1. patch revisor · sonnet · 20:55–20:55 misc/paper_draft.tex.edits.json 9d5b47bbcf57
  2. Run: revision not applied · 20:55
Replication 1 step · replication packager · 20:55–20:56
  1. replication packager · sonnet · 20:55–20:56 replication/estimation.py 6e0cb311f197

The run ended: completed · 2026-10-13 20:56 UTC

What it was built with (58)

Each part with its authors and the version used. e2er parts are pinned by git's content hash of their file at the commit above; follow a link to read that exact version.

Templates (1)

· by e2er authors
TemplateByPinned version
descriptive-studye2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit

Specialists (14)

· by e2er authors
SpecialistByPinned version
abstract_writere2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
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Skills (42)

· by e2er authors
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Connectors (1)

· by e2er authors
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Sources of the template “descriptive-study”

The work the template of this run is based on, draws from or cites, as the template file names it. A source says where an idea came from; it does not say its authors endorse this study.

Methods

John D. Emerson and Graham A. Colditz. Use of Statistical Analysis in The New England Journal of Medicine. New England Journal of Medicine 309(12), 709-713.

David Freedman and Persi Diaconis. On the histogram as a density estimator: L2 theory. Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete 57(4), 453-476.

Rob J. Hyndman and Yanan Fan. Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages. The American Statistician 50(4), 361-365.

Charles Spearman. The Proof and Measurement of Association between Two Things. The American Journal of Psychology 15(1), 72-101.

Roderick Little and Donald Rubin. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (3rd edition). Wiley.

Hadley Wickham. Tidy Data. Journal of Statistical Software 59(10).

Cite e2er with this dossier

A paper produced with e2er gives one reference for e2er: this dossier. It credits everyone listed above.

@misc{e2er-4968c2075e30009d,
  title        = {e2er dossier for "How are confirmed exoplanets distributed in planet radius and orbital period,..."},
  author       = {{e2er}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://e2er.org/d/4968c2075e30009d}},
  note         = {Workflow, templates, specialists, skills, connectors and models used, pinned by content hash. Dossier sha256:4968c2075e30009dbf1a3868b94ee6aa05ac6aca888293ae5c88473a5b18bfb9}
}