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Which stars within 3 degrees of the Pleiades centre are cluster members by Ga...

How this study was produced: every step of the run with the file it wrote, and everything the run used, pinned to the exact version. The address of this page is derived from its content: if anything below changed, the address would change.

DossierDemonstrationVersion 1 of the studyOpen the study
Dossiersha256:147b2eeec2427726cdb6d7c8791747dc774cddbd2c17be35033141b9c51bea80
Dossier as JSON

Paper, data and code of the study

  • Paper
    Not public.

  • Data
    Not public.

    The data come from ESA Gaia Data Release 3. Its terms allow non-commercial use only, with credit to ESA/Gaia/DPAC (CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO), so the data stay with the source.Get the data from the source (its terms), or load them yourself with e2er-data gaia.

  • Code
    Not public.

Run settings

e2er
version 0.16.0 · code at
Template
descriptive-study · iterative
Governance
full
AI backend
claude_code
Models
claude_code/haiku
Exported
20261015
Sessions
7 sessions · listed with the workflow
Outcome
Completed · 2026-10-13 22:38 UTCe2er's internal quality review: 5.9 of 10
e2er code
no local changes at run time

Input data

SHA-256 of the data files, as recorded in the study's provenance.

5 data files with their hash values
  • ·data/data.db 56ea2a6acff3
  • ·data/data_dictionary.json 2cc4b7da0560
  • ·data/data_sources.json 3b415a6d6135
  • ·data/data_summary.md 1e9db8480eb6
  • ·data/gaia_clean.csv 28c906d7028f

Data used

Gaia Data Release 3 (ESA/Gaia/DPAC), Gaia ESA Archive · 1 load · release DR3 · read 2026-10-13

e2er's connector for it · about this data source

Gaia archive ADQL query: SELECT source_id, ra, dec, DISTANCE(POINT('ICRS', ra, dec), POINT('ICRS', 56.75, 24.12)) AS dist_deg, parallax, parallax_error, parallax_over_error, pmra, pmra_error, pmdec, pmdec_error, ruwe, astrometric_params_solved, visibility_periods_used, phot_g_mean_mag, phot_g_mean_flux_over_error, phot_bp_mean_mag, phot_rp_mean_mag, bp_rp FROM gaiadr3.gaia_source WHERE 1 = CONTAINS(POINT('ICRS', ra, dec), CIRCLE('ICRS', 56.75, 24.12, 3)) AND parallax > 2 AND parallax_over_error > 5 · release DR3, read 2026-10-13 · table gaia_dr3 https://gea.esac.esa.int/tap-server/tap/sync?REQUEST=doQuery&LANG=ADQL&FORMAT=csv&QUERY=SELECT+source_id%2C+ra%2C+dec%2C+DISTANCE%28POINT%28%27ICRS%27%2C+ra%2C+dec%29%2C+POINT%28%27ICRS%27%2C+56.75%2C+24.12%29%29+AS+dist_deg%2C+parallax%2C+parallax_error%2C+parallax_over_error%2C+pmra%2C+pmra_error%2C+pmdec%2C+pmdec_error%2C+ruwe%2C+astrometric_params_solved%2C+visibility_periods_used%2C+phot_g_mean_mag%2C+phot_g_mean_flux_over_error%2C+phot_bp_mean_mag%2C+phot_rp_mean_mag%2C+bp_rp+FROM+gaiadr3.gaia_source+WHERE+1+%3D+CONTAINS%28POINT%28%27ICRS%27%2C+ra%2C+dec%29%2C+CIRCLE%28%27ICRS%27%2C+56.75%2C+24.12%2C+3%29%29+AND+parallax+%3E+2+AND+parallax_over_error+%3E+5&MAXREC=50000 1f4ad5ccdb7e

Terms Gaia data are distributed under CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO: free to use with credit to ESA/Gaia/DPAC; commercial use needs ESA's authorisation. Cite the Gaia mission and DR3 papers. Full terms

Cite Gaia Collaboration, Vallenari, A., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., et al. (2023). Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 674, A1. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202243940; and Gaia Collaboration, Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., et al. (2016). The Gaia mission. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 595, A1. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629272. Acknowledgement: This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

References (9)

The works the paper cites, as the dossier records them: 0 from the authors' papers, 5 found on the web by the literature search, 4 method sources from the template.

A method source is a work the template credits for a method it uses. e2er adds it to the study's bibliography; the paper cites the ones its study used.

9 references· 0 from the authors' papers, 5 found on the web, 4 method sources from the template
  1. The Gaia mission (2016) found on the web · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629272
  2. Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties (2023) found on the web · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202243940
  3. Milky Way Star Clusters and Gaia: A Review of the Ongoing Revolution (2022) found on the web · doi:10.3390/universe8020111
  4. How Gaia sheds light on the Milky Way star cluster population (2024) found on the web · doi:10.1016/j.newar.2024.101696
  5. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (3rd edition) (2019) method source · doi:10.1002/9781119482260
  6. Tidy Data (2014) method source · doi:10.18637/jss.v059.i10
  7. Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages (1996) method source · doi:10.1080/00031305.1996.10473566
  8. On the histogram as a density estimator: L2 theory (1981) method source · doi:10.1007/BF01025868
  9. Pseudomagnitude distances: Application to the Pleiades cluster (2016) found on the web · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629024

e2er's internal quality review

Six reviewer specialists each score the draft from one angle, on a scale of 0 to 10. The score in the middle is the weighted average of these scores, with the weights in the table.

data 6.0 literature 5.7 methods 5.0 plausibility 7.0 writing 6.0 5.9 of 10

5.9 of 10

Each reviewer's score and weight
ReviewerScoreWeight
data6.01.25
literature5.70.75
methods5.01.5
plausibility7.01.25
writing6.00.75

Rounds of improvement (1)

The run worked on its draft in rounds. After each round a ceiling check decided whether another round would help, whether the study needed a change of approach, or whether it was ready for review. The steps of each round are marked with the round in the workflow below.

  1. Round 1 · Data and descriptive analysis, Sections and table layout, Sections and table layout

    Researcher instruction at the rerun asks for the members' CMD in the figure, and the figure data must be re-checked before drafting. data_analyst updates figure_spec.json only, with no estimation, so no econometrics re-run is needed. The figure check runs after it. The two section_writer orders are scoped to the CMD results and to the design and limitations text, which carry the figure change and the two earlier corrections. paper_drafter is not dispatched because the researcher asked that nothing else change, and a full rewrite would drift sections already reviewed.

    Decision after round 1ready for review

Workflow (68 steps)

The run in order, from the run's own record. The run was carried out in 7 sessions. How to read it

A session is one e2er process, from a start or a resume to the next stop, and each session names the e2er version and commit its steps ran on. Each specialist step shows the model, the file it wrote and the file's hash value (SHA-256). Where the run did not record the hash value, the step says so: the last step that wrote a file shows the hash value of the file at export, and earlier steps that wrote the same file are marked as superseded. Checks that stopped a step are listed where they happened: 4 here. Steps taken by the researcher (7 here) are marked with a grey dot. Stops, pauses and failures of the run are marked with a ring, at their time.

Session 1 of 7 2026-10-13 20:56–21:01 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 4 steps · literature scanner, idea developer, data architect · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design)
  1. Run: backend identity · 20:56
  2. Run: method sources · 20:56
  3. Initial
  4. literature scanner · haiku · 20:56–20:57 design/literature_review.md d14393ba79ce
  5. idea developer · haiku · 20:56–20:57 design/paper_plan.md f9ecd45f9928
  6. data architect · haiku · 20:57–20:58 data/data_dictionary.json 6601834f8984
  7. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design) · 20:58
  8. Researcher sent back data architect · 21:01 The full 3-degree cone cannot be loaded: it holds 255,553 Gaia DR3 sources (count on 2026-10-13), and the anonymous Gaia archive returns at most 50,000 rows. Load a pre-filtered extract with one ADQL query and give the exact command in the table entry: e2er-data gaia query --adql "SELECT source_id, ra, dec, DISTANCE(POINT('ICRS', ra, dec), POINT('ICRS', 56.75, 24.12)) AS dist_deg, parallax, parallax_error, parallax_over_error, pmra, pmra_error, pmdec, pmdec_error, ruwe, astrometric_params_solved, visibility_periods_used, phot_g_mean_mag, phot_g_mean_flux_over_error, phot_bp_mean_mag, phot_rp_mean_mag, bp_rp FROM gaiadr3.gaia_source WHERE 1 = CONTAINS(POINT('ICRS', ra, dec), CIRCLE('ICRS', 56.75, 24.12, 3)) AND parallax > 2 AND parallax_over_error > 5" --table gaia_dr3 --save-to gaia_dr3.csv. This returned 14,066 rows on 2026-10-13. Say in the dictionary that the extract keeps parallax above 2 mas (closer than 500 pc) and parallax_over_error above 5, so the field background in the CMD is limited to these stars, and that every cut of the sensitivity grid lies inside this extract. Also fix the description of astrometric_params_solved: 3 = two-parameter (position only), 31 = five-parameter, 95 = six-parameter solution.
Session 2 of 7 2026-10-13 21:01–21:02 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 3 steps · data architect · 2 researcher actions · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design)
  1. Run: backend identity · 21:01
  2. Initial
  3. data architect · haiku · 21:01–21:02 Run again after the researcher sent it back data/data_dictionary.json a32a7d50e57d
  4. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design) · 21:02
  5. Researcher gave an instruction for review design · 21:02 Researcher decisions at the design review: the plan's 'pull the full cone, not a pre-filtered subset' is replaced by the pre-filtered extract (parallax > 2 mas, parallax_over_error > 5) because the archive's anonymous limit is 50,000 rows and the cone holds 255,553 sources; the paper says so. The grid row 'parallax_over_error > 5' is therefore the loosest quality cut available. Cite only references that literature_scanner verified; Gaia DR3 data are used under CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO with credit to ESA/Gaia/DPAC.
  6. Researcher approved review design · 21:02
Session 3 of 7 2026-10-13 21:02–21:17 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 21 steps · data analyst, econometrics specialist, abstract writer and 2 more · 1 researcher action · 3 checks failed · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Run: backend identity · 21:02
Initial 11 steps · data analyst, econometrics specialist, abstract writer and 1 more · 21:02–21:10 · 2 checks failed
  1. data analyst · haiku · 21:02–21:03 data/data_summary.md 2549140fbba0results/summary_statistics.json 4802e392c1d9results/figure_spec.json f35fcfc3da53
  2. Check: data quality failed, step stopped table gaia_dr3: parallax starts at 2.000156849807191, after the declared coverage from 2
  3. data analyst · haiku · 21:03–21:04 data/data_summary.md b57b18825613results/summary_statistics.json 4802e392c1d9 (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json f35fcfc3da53 (unchanged by this step)
  4. Check: data quality passed
  5. data analyst · haiku · 21:04–21:05 data/data_summary.md b57b18825613 (unchanged by this step)results/summary_statistics.json 4802e392c1d9 (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json 602039320ea8
  6. econometrics specialist · haiku · 21:05–21:07 design/econometric_spec.md 000f79a40fe9results/estimation_results.json fef14a8cb7ad
  7. Check: figure data passed
  8. abstract writer · haiku · 21:07–21:08 paper/abstract.tex 5f2e11a14005
  9. Check: contracts failed, step stopped
    What the check foundpaper_draft.tex: 6 construction(s) the researcher does not accept in a paper: "Against this background" in: Against this background, this paper asks a narrow question: which stars within 3 degrees of the Pleiades centre are cluster members on the basis of Gaia DR3 parallax and proper motion alone, and what do the colour--magnitude diagram (CMD) and the parallax distance distribution of these members sh... (pivot to the contribution directly (for instance: To keep these quantities apart, we propose ...)); "rather than" in: The question is answered with a transparent selection rather than a model. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: The spread is therefore an interaction of the cuts rather than a single influential choice. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: The lowest bins hold few stars, and the members in them should be read as a description rather than a precise turn-off measurement. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: The narrow parallax peak and the continuous CMD locus show that the members form a coherent sequence rather than a mixture of unrelated stars, at least within the precision of the astrometry. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: The description is a reference for replication rather than a physical result, and its distance and main sequence await comparison with verified published values. (state the positive claim and stop). Rewrite each of these sentences without the construction; keep its content
  10. paper drafter · haiku · 21:07–21:10 paper/paper.tex f99275333450results/table_spec.json c91290abce56
  11. paper drafter · haiku · 21:10–21:10 paper/paper.tex 2c9ad56da9faresults/table_spec.json c91290abce56 (unchanged by this step)
Iterative 7 steps · data architect, data analyst, econometrics specialist and 1 more · 21:10–21:17 · 1 check failed
  1. data architect · haiku · 21:10–21:11 Round 1 data/data_dictionary.json 2cc4b7da0560
  2. data analyst · haiku · 21:11–21:12 Round 1 data/data_summary.md 7a83e48d4ebdresults/summary_statistics.json 299fd9612d5bresults/figure_spec.json f35fcfc3da53
  3. data analyst · haiku · 21:12–21:13 Round 1 data/data_summary.md 3862e1c964abresults/summary_statistics.json 299fd9612d5b (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json 8ca2590c5b44
  4. econometrics specialist · haiku · 21:13–21:14 Round 1 design/econometric_spec.md e8663f142bb1results/estimation_results.json fef14a8cb7ad (unchanged by this step)
  5. Check: contracts failed, step stopped
    What the check foundpaper_draft.tex: 2 construction(s) the researcher does not accept in a paper: "rather than" in: The narrow parallax peak and the continuous CMD locus are consistent with the members forming a coherent sequence rather than a mixture of unrelated stars, at the precision the astrometry allows. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: The base quality cut of parallax over error above 10 removes the fainter and less precisely measured sources, so the membership count describes the brighter stars with precise astrometry rather than the full cluster population. (state the positive claim and stop). Rewrite each of these sentences without the construction; keep its content
  6. paper drafter · haiku · 21:14–21:16 Round 1 paper/paper.tex 95c3db49ae30results/table_spec.json e3bdc6e0b140
  7. paper drafter · haiku · 21:16–21:17 Round 1 paper/paper.tex dffee2083f7aresults/table_spec.json e3bdc6e0b140 (unchanged by this step)
Estimation gate 1 step · 21:17
  1. Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 2 steps · 21:17–21:17 · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Check: figure data passed
  2. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 21:17
  3. Researcher sent back paper drafter · 21:17 Two corrections. (1) sigma/sqrt(n) is the standard error of the mean, not of the median (for a normal distribution the median's is about 1.25 times larger). In the design section and in the parallax results, call the 0.007 mas value the standard error of the mean parallax, and drop the sentence that the median is determined far more precisely than its scatter would suggest. (2) The brightest member has G = 5.20, so the cluster's brightest stars (the named B stars, several magnitudes brighter) are not among the members. State this in the CMD results and the limitations as a gap at the bright end, without guessing which cut removed them. Change nothing else.
Session 4 of 7 2026-10-13 21:17–21:18 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 3 steps · paper drafter · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Figure gate
  2. Check: figure data passed
  3. Run: backend identity · 21:17
  4. paper drafter · haiku · 21:17–21:18 Run again after the researcher sent it back paper/paper.tex c92ff8f55194results/table_spec.json e3bdc6e0b140 (unchanged by this step)
  5. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 21:18
  6. Researcher approved review draft · 21:18
Session 5 of 7 2026-10-13 21:18–22:19 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 14 steps · literature reviewer, data reviewer, writing reviewer and 4 more · 1 researcher action · 1 check failed · Self-critique
Estimation gate 1 step · 21:18
  1. Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 1 step · 21:18 · Run: backend identity
  1. Check: figure data passed
  2. Run: backend identity · 21:18
Review 7 steps · literature reviewer, data reviewer, writing reviewer and 2 more · 21:20–21:25 · Self-critique
  1. Check: numbers passed
  2. Self-critique · 21:20 0 findings, 0 serious
  3. Check: citations passed
  4. literature reviewer · haiku · 21:20–21:20 reviews/review_literature.md 2b3d7713e87e
  5. data reviewer · haiku · 21:20–21:21 reviews/review_data.md ff4b820459fa
  6. writing reviewer · haiku · 21:20–21:21 reviews/review_writing.md 56c75b08a540
  7. methods reviewer · haiku · 21:20–21:22 reviews/review_methods.md 96f31c8141fc
  8. plausibility reviewer · haiku · 21:21–21:25 reviews/review_plausibility.md 518b1bf672ac
Revision 3 steps · patch revisor · 21:25–21:26 · 1 check failed
  1. Check: contracts failed, step stopped
    What the check foundpaper_draft.tex.edits.json: 1 construction(s) the researcher does not accept in a paper: "rather than" in: Figure~\ref{fig:cmd} plots the quality-cut sample rather than the members alone, so the members' locus is read from the table below. (state the positive claim and stop). Rewrite each of these sentences without the construction; keep its content
  2. patch revisor · haiku · 21:25–21:26 misc/paper_draft.tex.edits.json 3475a5d58bd7
  3. patch revisor · haiku · 21:26–21:26 misc/paper_draft.tex.edits.json 199ba0be2571
Replication 2 steps · replication packager · 21:26–22:19 · 1 researcher action
  1. replication packager · haiku · 21:26–21:27 replication/estimation.py 61172a05ca69
  2. Researcher reran initial · 22:19 Steps run again: initial, iterative, estimation gate, figure gate, review draft, self attack, polish, review, revision, replication The central figure of the study is missing: fig_cmd.pdf plots the whole quality-cut sample and does not mark the 1,112 members, although the research question asks what the members' colour-magnitude diagram shows. Add the members' CMD to figure_spec.json: either mark the members in fig_cmd (members as one series, the quality-cut field as a second, grey series) or add a figure fig_cmd_members, each series with a 'source' the figure check can re-read (a data.db table with columns and a condition, or a list in the results), BP-RP against G with G increasing downwards. Keep the membership selection, the grid and every number of the analysis as they are; the paper's text and captions must describe the figure as drawn.
Session 6 of 7 2026-10-13 22:19–22:31 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 12 steps · data architect, data analyst, econometrics specialist and 1 more · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Run: backend identity · 22:19
Initial 6 steps · data architect, data analyst, econometrics specialist and 1 more · 22:20–22:25
  1. data architect · haiku · 22:20–22:20 data/data_dictionary.json 2cc4b7da0560 (unchanged by this step)
  2. Check: figure data passed
  3. data analyst · haiku · 22:20–22:22 data/data_summary.md 0779fa1f4ca9results/summary_statistics.json 7b39bf74928dresults/figure_spec.json c758dd6b05e5
  4. data analyst · haiku · 22:22–22:23 data/data_summary.md 0779fa1f4ca9 (unchanged by this step)results/summary_statistics.json 7b39bf74928d (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json c758dd6b05e5 (unchanged by this step)
  5. econometrics specialist · haiku · 22:23–22:25 design/econometric_spec.md f66d8e7d81c2results/estimation_results.json f29659ad1e9f
  6. section writer · haiku · 22:25–22:25 paper/paper.tex c2a27701efac
Iterative 3 steps · data analyst, section writer · 22:26–22:29
  1. data analyst · haiku · 22:26–22:28 Round 1 data/data_summary.md 1e9db8480eb6results/summary_statistics.json 7b39bf74928d (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json 1212d76fe9eb
  2. section writer · haiku · 22:28–22:28 Round 1 paper/paper.tex deefae584d83
  3. section writer · haiku Round 1 paper/paper.tex 826549ed7600
Estimation gate 1 step · 22:30
  1. Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 2 steps · 22:30–22:31 · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
  1. Check: figure data passed
  2. Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 22:30
  3. Researcher approved review draft · 22:31
Session 7 of 7 2026-10-13 22:31–22:38 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 11 steps · literature reviewer, writing reviewer, data reviewer and 4 more · Self-critique
Estimation gate 1 step · 22:31
  1. Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 1 step · 22:31–22:33 · Self-critique
  1. Check: figure data passed
  2. Run: backend identity · 22:31
  3. Self-critique · 22:33 0 findings, 0 serious
Review 7 steps · literature reviewer, writing reviewer, data reviewer and 2 more · 22:33–22:36
  1. Check: numbers passed
  2. Check: citations passed
  3. literature reviewer · haiku · 22:33–22:33 reviews/review_literature.md 39cfcf6c32a4
  4. writing reviewer · haiku · 22:33–22:35 reviews/review_writing.md 922135cbd749
  5. data reviewer · haiku · 22:33–22:35 reviews/review_data.md 9b4e9ee29d3f
  6. methods reviewer · haiku · 22:33–22:35 reviews/review_methods.md 56ea529dff68
  7. plausibility reviewer · haiku · 22:35–22:36 reviews/review_plausibility.md f6d9d0d8e9e6
Revision 1 step · patch revisor · 22:36–22:37
  1. patch revisor · haiku · 22:36–22:37 misc/paper_draft.tex.edits.json 2b77244e2ee7
Replication 1 step · replication packager · 22:37–22:38
  1. replication packager · haiku · 22:37–22:38 replication/estimation.py 1131c2b0c691

The run ended: completed · 2026-10-13 22:38 UTC

What it was built with (59)

Each part with its authors and the version used. e2er parts are pinned by git's content hash of their file at the commit above; follow a link to read that exact version.

Templates (1)

· by e2er authors
TemplateByPinned version
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Specialists (15)

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consistency-checke2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
data-qualitye2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
domain-plausibilitye2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
methods-reviewe2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
referee-simulatione2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
writing-qualitye2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
context-buildere2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
replication-packagee2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
abstracte2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
cite-numbers-by-sourcee2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
paper-structuree2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
personal-stylee2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit
scoped-revisione2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit

Connectors (1)

· by e2er authors
ConnectorByPinned version
claude-codee2er authors unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit

Sources of the template “descriptive-study”

The work the template of this run is based on, draws from or cites, as the template file names it. A source says where an idea came from; it does not say its authors endorse this study.

Methods

John D. Emerson and Graham A. Colditz. Use of Statistical Analysis in The New England Journal of Medicine. New England Journal of Medicine 309(12), 709-713.

David Freedman and Persi Diaconis. On the histogram as a density estimator: L2 theory. Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete 57(4), 453-476.

Rob J. Hyndman and Yanan Fan. Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages. The American Statistician 50(4), 361-365.

Charles Spearman. The Proof and Measurement of Association between Two Things. The American Journal of Psychology 15(1), 72-101.

Roderick Little and Donald Rubin. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (3rd edition). Wiley.

Hadley Wickham. Tidy Data. Journal of Statistical Software 59(10).

Cite e2er with this dossier

A paper produced with e2er gives one reference for e2er: this dossier. It credits everyone listed above.

@misc{e2er-147b2eeec2427726,
  title        = {e2er dossier for "Which stars within 3 degrees of the Pleiades centre are cluster members by Ga..."},
  author       = {{e2er}},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://e2er.org/d/147b2eeec2427726}},
  note         = {Workflow, templates, specialists, skills, connectors and models used, pinned by content hash. Dossier sha256:147b2eeec2427726cdb6d7c8791747dc774cddbd2c17be35033141b9c51bea80}
}