How do estimated road traffic death rates per 100,000 people vary across coun...
How this study was produced: every step of the run with the file it wrote, and everything the run used, pinned to the exact version. The address of this page is derived from its content: if anything below changed, the address would change.
Paper, data and code of the study
- PaperNot public.
- DataNot public.
Some of the data come from the WHO Global Health Observatory. Its terms allow use for public health purposes only, and no changes without WHO's written permission, so the data stay with the source.Get the data from the source (its terms), or load them yourself with
e2er-data who_gho.For the other data of the study, ask the authors.
- CodeNot public.
Run settings
- e2er
- version 0.16.0 · code at
- Template
- descriptive-study · single pass
- Governance
- full
- AI backend
- claude_code
- Models
- claude_code/haiku
- Exported
- 20261015
- Sessions
- 4 sessions · listed with the workflow
- Outcome
- Completed · 2026-10-13 21:36 UTCe2er's internal quality review: 5.7 of 10
- e2er code
- no local changes at run time
Input data
SHA-256 of the data files, as recorded in the study's provenance.
4 data files with their hash values
- ·data/data.db a82954ffa3ef
- ·data/data_dictionary.json 6a7581ce8043
- ·data/data_sources.json 13bf77578cf5
- ·data/data_summary.md c13e625de22e
Data used
Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository, World Health Organization · 2 loads · release 2024-04-15 · read 2026-10-13
e2er's connector for it · about this data source
Terms WHO grants use, reproduction and distribution for public health purposes; other changes to the data need WHO's written authorization, and the data may not be sold. Not an open licence: a published study reloads the data instead of shipping them. Full terms
Cite WHO, Global Health Observatory: Estimated road traffic death rate (per 100 000 population) (RS_198), 2026, accessed 2026-10-13. Underlying data provided by the countries concerned (all WHO Member States reporting it).
Natural Earth vector data: Admin 0 – Countries · 1 load · release v5.1.2 · read 2026-10-13
e2er's connector for it · about this data source
Terms Public domain; no permission is needed and crediting the authors is unnecessary. Full terms
Cite Natural Earth (release v5.1.2). Admin 0 – Countries. https://www.naturalearthdata.com/. Made with Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.
References (4)
The works the paper cites, as the dossier records them: 0 from the authors' papers, 2 found on the web by the literature search, 2 method sources from the template.
A method source is a work the template credits for a method it uses. e2er adds it to the study's bibliography; the paper cites the ones its study used.
- Global Health Observatory data repository found on the web
- Natural Earth: Admin 0 -- Countries found on the web
- Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (3rd edition) (2019) method source · doi:10.1002/9781119482260
- Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages (1996) method source · doi:10.1080/00031305.1996.10473566
e2er's internal quality review
Six reviewer specialists each score the draft from one angle, on a scale of 0 to 10. The score in the middle is the weighted average of these scores, with the weights in the table.
5.7 of 10
| Reviewer | Score | Weight |
|---|---|---|
| data | 6.0 | 1.25 |
| literature | 5.1 | 0.75 |
| methods | 5.0 | 1.5 |
| plausibility | 6.0 | 1.25 |
| writing | 7.0 | 0.75 |
Workflow (33 steps)
The run in order, from the run's own record. The run was carried out in 4 sessions. How to read it
A session is one e2er process, from a start or a resume to the next stop, and each session names the e2er version and commit its steps ran on. Each specialist step shows the model, the file it wrote and the file's hash value (SHA-256). Where the run did not record the hash value, the step says so: the last step that wrote a file shows the hash value of the file at export, and earlier steps that wrote the same file are marked as superseded. Checks that stopped a step are listed where they happened: 3 here. Steps taken by the researcher (3 here) are marked with a grey dot. Stops, pauses and failures of the run are marked with a ring, at their time.
6 researcher decisions and stops · 3 actions · 3 stops · 0 approved deviations · 0 failures
- Session 2 Check contracts failed, step stopped
- Session 2 Check contracts failed, step stopped
- Session 4 Check contracts failed, step stopped
- Session 3 Researcher approved review draft
- Session 2 Researcher sent back paper drafter
All 6, by session
Session 1 of 4 2026-10-13 20:58–21:09 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 4 steps · idea developer, literature scanner, data architect · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design)
- Run: backend identity · 20:58
- Run: method sources · 20:58
- Initial
- idea developer · haiku · 20:59–20:59 design/paper_plan.md 321adf476303
- literature scanner · haiku · 20:59–20:59 design/literature_review.md 87521eac9bce
- data architect · haiku · 20:59–21:00 data/data_dictionary.json ba6f8c6e74a7
- Run stopped for the researcher's review (review design) · 21:00
- Researcher approved review design · 21:09
Session 2 of 4 2026-10-13 21:09–21:28 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 13 steps · data analyst, econometrics specialist, paper drafter · 1 researcher action · 2 checks failed · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
- Run: backend identity · 21:09
Initial 10 steps · data analyst, econometrics specialist, paper drafter · 21:09–21:15 · 2 checks failed
- data analyst · haiku · 21:09–21:11 data/data_summary.md c13e625de22eresults/summary_statistics.json 2df040dc3addresults/figure_spec.json f35fcfc3da53
- Check: data quality passed
- data analyst · haiku · 21:11–21:11 data/data_summary.md c13e625de22e (unchanged by this step)results/summary_statistics.json 2df040dc3add (unchanged by this step)results/figure_spec.json f35fcfc3da53 (unchanged by this step)
- Check: contracts failed, step stopped
What the check found
estimation_results.json: descriptive results contract: 'figures' must list the figure_spec.json filenames that show the distributions. This study reports descriptive statistics and distributions; write estimation_results.json as the data/descriptive-results-schema skill specifies (from the script that computes it, never by hand). - econometrics specialist · haiku · 21:11–21:12 design/econometric_spec.md 26e2e65ec8d4results/estimation_results.json 3b58068eba25
- econometrics specialist · haiku · 21:12–21:13 design/econometric_spec.md 81daff08afderesults/estimation_results.json dc1e598e2347
- Check: figure data passed
- Check: contracts failed, step stopped
What the check found
paper_draft.tex: 5 construction(s) the researcher does not accept in a paper: "rather than" in: The values are model-based estimates rather than registered deaths, and the extract analysed here carries no uncertainty bounds. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: Missing values are listed and dropped rather than filled, following the standard practice for descriptive samples with missing data \citep{little2019statistical}. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: The paper cannot quantify this difference from the data it uses, and its findings should be read as a description of WHO's estimates rather than of the underlying road safety outcome. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: A difference between countries with different age structures may therefore reflect the age composition of the population rather than the road safety environment alone, and the available data cannot separate the two. (state the positive claim and stop); "rather than" in: Future work could establish whether the same ordering holds for registered deaths in the countries where registration is complete, which would show how far the estimated gap reflects the estimation method rather than the underlying burden. (state the positive claim and stop). Rewrite each of these sentences without the construction; keep its content - paper drafter · haiku · 21:13–21:14 paper/paper.tex 77bb021b5372results/table_spec.json 225fa7c057b5
- paper drafter · haiku · 21:14–21:15 paper/paper.tex d964d58e2a39results/table_spec.json 225fa7c057b5 (unchanged by this step)
Estimation gate 1 step · 21:15
- Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 2 steps · 21:15–21:28 · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
- Check: figure data passed
- Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 21:15
- Researcher sent back paper drafter · 21:28 Two changes. (1) The histogram fig_death_rate_hist.pdf is in figure_spec.json but not in the draft: include it as a figure in Section 3.1 (\includegraphics with the label fig:death_rate_hist and a caption naming WHO GHO RS_198, 2021) and refer to it in the text instead of listing all ten bin counts. (2) 'about four countries exceed 30' is exact data: four countries (Guinea, Libya, Haiti, Guinea-Bissau) exceed 30; say four. Change nothing else.
Session 3 of 4 2026-10-13 21:28–21:31 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 3 steps · paper drafter · 1 researcher action · Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft)
- Figure gate
- Check: figure data passed
- Run: backend identity · 21:28
- paper drafter · haiku · 21:28–21:29 Run again after the researcher sent it back paper/paper.tex e7b7e1790eafresults/table_spec.json 225fa7c057b5 (unchanged by this step)
- Run stopped for the researcher's review (review draft) · 21:29
- Researcher approved review draft · 21:31
Session 4 of 4 2026-10-13 21:31–21:36 UTC · e2er 0.16.0 · 13 steps · literature reviewer, data reviewer, writing reviewer and 4 more · 1 check failed · Run: backend identity
Estimation gate 1 step · 21:31
- Check: estimation passed
Figure gate 1 step · 21:31
- Check: figure data passed
Review 7 steps · literature reviewer, data reviewer, writing reviewer and 2 more · 21:31–21:34 · Run: backend identity
- Check: numbers passed
- Run: backend identity · 21:31
- Check: citations passed
- literature reviewer · haiku · 21:31–21:32 reviews/review_literature.md 6e5a9fc6b6df
- data reviewer · haiku · 21:31–21:32 reviews/review_data.md b2bcd861e541
- writing reviewer · haiku · 21:31–21:32 reviews/review_writing.md 53327a0ae3e6
- methods reviewer · haiku · 21:32–21:33 reviews/review_methods.md 04f13befb694
- plausibility reviewer · haiku · 21:32–21:34 reviews/review_plausibility.md 3fac77043e6e
Revision 3 steps · patch revisor · 21:34–21:35 · 1 check failed
- Check: contracts failed, step stopped
What the check found
paper_draft.tex.edits.json: 1 construction(s) the researcher does not accept in a paper: "rather than" in: The paper reports no skewness statistic, so the upper tail is described from the histogram rather than measured. (state the positive claim and stop). Rewrite each of these sentences without the construction; keep its content - patch revisor · haiku · 21:34–21:35 misc/paper_draft.tex.edits.json 8f63d3405047
- patch revisor · haiku · 21:35–21:35 misc/paper_draft.tex.edits.json 492139a73029
Replication 1 step · replication packager · 21:35–21:36
- replication packager · haiku · 21:35–21:36 replication/estimation.py 9fb717ffed1b
The run ended: completed · 2026-10-13 21:36 UTC
What it was built with (56)
Each part with its authors and the version used. e2er parts are pinned by git's content hash of their file at the commit above; follow a link to read that exact version.
Templates (1)
· by e2er authors
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|---|---|---|
| descriptive-study | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
Specialists (13)
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| idea_developer | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
| literature_reviewer | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
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| writing_reviewer | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
Skills (41)
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| descriptive-results-schema | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
| eurostat | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
| exoplanets | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
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Connectors (1)
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| claude-code | e2er authors | unresolved: the run recorded no E2ER commit |
Sources of the template “descriptive-study”
The work the template of this run is based on, draws from or cites, as the template file names it. A source says where an idea came from; it does not say its authors endorse this study.
- Methods
John D. Emerson and Graham A. Colditz. Use of Statistical Analysis in The New England Journal of Medicine. New England Journal of Medicine 309(12), 709-713.
David Freedman and Persi Diaconis. On the histogram as a density estimator: L2 theory. Zeitschrift für Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie und Verwandte Gebiete 57(4), 453-476.
Rob J. Hyndman and Yanan Fan. Sample Quantiles in Statistical Packages. The American Statistician 50(4), 361-365.
Charles Spearman. The Proof and Measurement of Association between Two Things. The American Journal of Psychology 15(1), 72-101.
Roderick Little and Donald Rubin. Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (3rd edition). Wiley.
Hadley Wickham. Tidy Data. Journal of Statistical Software 59(10).
Cite e2er with this dossier
A paper produced with e2er gives one reference for e2er: this dossier. It credits everyone listed above.
@misc{e2er-8a2a519e8cd9d086,
title = {e2er dossier for "How do estimated road traffic death rates per 100,000 people vary across coun..."},
author = {{e2er}},
year = {2026},
howpublished = {\url{https://e2er.org/d/8a2a519e8cd9d086}},
note = {Workflow, templates, specialists, skills, connectors and models used, pinned by content hash. Dossier sha256:8a2a519e8cd9d086ba1156a9b5f060fafd8fceb342b737bb1dcea0c6bdfc02ce}
}